Hi Elspeth, Thanks, this is an important topic! I will not be able to attend 28th August but here is my view: Thinking about the intent of MIDS, the presence of "unknown" values in required fields should prevent the record from reaching Level 3, because that indicates the information was not actually captured, only the field was filled. Those values don’t contribute true information and might undermine data usability or completeness assessments. For MIDS3 there is also the issue that you cannot really indicate for sure that a specimen has no additional identifiers or links (a requirement for MIDS3). Since the specification currently doesn’t require meaningful content, just presence of fields, the definition may need to be updated a little. Kind regards, Wouter On Thu, 14 Aug 2025 at 16:08, Elspeth Haston <EHaston@rbge.org.uk> wrote:
Dear all
Apologies for any duplication of this message.
In preparation for the expert review and the subsequent public review we have been focussing on some key areas of the MIDS standard which still had some questions remaining. One of these is the approach taken to handle specimens which have missing data and how these would be scored.
We are therefore planning a special focus session of the regular MIDS meetings to be held on *Thursday 28th August at 14:00 UTC.*
There are two main points here which relate to the users of MIDS – in particular, curators/collection managers and researchers.
The proposed option in MIDS would enable any specimen to have the potential to reach MIDS3, meaning that a collection manager/curator could aim to have an entire collection digitised to MIDS3.
However, researchers may expect all specimens at a certain MIDS levels to have ‘informative’ data in each required field, rather than an indication that the data are missing. It would therefore need to be made clear that reaching MIDS3 is not a guarantee of the quality of the data in the record, but rather a statement on the level of digitisation that has been carried out. This would be in alignment with the view that MIDS is not a measure of quality but of data presence or absence.
*Option 1*
These specimens would reach MIDS3 if values were entered for missing data which do not match any proposed excluded values.
*Option 2*
These specimens could potentially never achieve MIDS3 if the data were not available on the specimen label or associated literature.
The proposed management of missing data in MIDS is presented below.
*Handling of unknown and incomplete data*
Best practice dictates that wherever possible data should not be published with empty field values as this is misleading for both human users and machines. There are many reasons why data can be missing, unknown, incomplete or explicitly withheld (Groom 2019) and various tactics have been used in the past to deal with such situations. However, with the increasing use of machines to interpret and act upon data, more consistent practices should be promoted.
Entering values to provide information relating to the unknown or incomplete data available enables curators and researchers to make decisions about the relevant records. For curators and collection managers, knowing why the data are unknown may help the digitisation process, potentially indicating a different workflow from basic transcription. For researchers, it can help in highlighting records that need additional research to determine an unknown value or that may not be possible to include in a desired analysis.
*Unknown values for data information elements*
If information is missing or incomplete in the specimen record for any field mapped to a MIDS information element then it is recommended to enter one of the terms for missing data values proposed by Groom et al. (2019) (Table 5). For calculating the MIDS level, it would be possible to exclude some values as having insufficient non-null values. For example: “unknown”, “unknown:undigitised”, “known:undigitised”, “NULL”, whitespace only.
There will be some questions that will need to be considered, and one of the largest of these relates to the translation of insufficient non-null values into different languages. In addition, some systems may not allow empty fields and an enforced missing data value would be automatically entered. In this case, the default value could be flagged for exclusion.
We have a GitHub Discussion for everyone to participate even if you can’t join the meeting. https://github.com/tdwg/mids/discussions/159
There is also a Googledoc for people to add comments and notes here:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Wlku5hoKLrFKWq9dL29D_cChB9PWw_fzQBJNwv58...
With best wishes
Elspeth and Cat
MIDS Task Group Convenors
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*Dr Elspeth Haston* Deputy Herbarium Curator Tel 00 44 (0)131 248 2800
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-- Coordinator International E-infrastructures and Data International Biodiversity Infrastructures Natural Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands Deputy director, Distributed System of Scientific Collections (DiSSCo <http://dissco.eu/>) Node Manager for DiSSCo, Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF <http://www.gbif.org/>) Chair Biodiversity Data Integration IG, Research Data Alliance (RDA <http://www.rd-alliance.org/>) *ORCID*: 0000-0002-3090-1761 | *Linkedin*: *linkedin.com/in/wouteraddink/ <http://linkedin.com/in/wouteraddink/>* *Twitter*: @wouter99999 | *Tel*: +31 (0) 71 751 9364 wouter.addink@naturalis.nl - www.naturalis.nl - www.catalogueoflife.org - www.dissco.eu